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PainManagementFollowingSpinalSurgery刮骨疗毒通，则不痛;不通，则痛！术前术后MRI对比GradingimageforthepositionofpediclescrewinL5levelNorthwestMedicalCenter,ArizonaVicepresidentDrChuaISSLS椎间盘退变分级-对照识别1234Kjaer2004Adamsetal.2002Causesofspinesurgerypain•Incisionalpain•Damagetostructuressuchasbone,ligaments,muscle,intervertebraldiscs,andfacetjoints•Surgicalinflammatoryresponse(inflammatorymediatorssuchasinterleukins[IL],cytokines,andprostaglandins•Spinesurgerycouldalsocauseirritationanddamagetospinalnerverootsandthecord,thiscancausepostoperativeanalgesicmanagementofpainWhyoperation?Withtheagingspinebeingincreased,spinalsurgeonsfacedegenerativespinaldiseasesmorefrequently.Surgicaloutcomesinpastdecadeswereusuallyevaluatedmainlybysurgeon-baseddata.However,oneofthemostfrequentlyreportedconcernsbeforespinalsurgeryincurre