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内膜系统endomembrane systemcompartmentalization －－ divide the cell into functional and structural compartmentsexpand membrane arearegulate material consumption and reproductionsorting and transporting by vesicles内质网endoplasmic reticulum, ER a network of tubules and vesicles that are interconnected and often extends throughout most of the cell. found in all eukaryotic cells.内质网网膜约占细胞总膜面积的一半，它不仅仅建立了大量的膜表面，对细胞内空间进行了区域化分割，通常还跟核膜或质膜相连，并且与高尔基体关系密切。 微粒体microsomeA small particle, typically consisting of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached.根据表面核糖体附着情况，内质网可分为粗面型内质网（rough endoplasmic reticulum，RER）和滑面型内质网（smooth endoplasmic reticulum，SER）两类。RER呈扁平囊状，排列整齐，膜围成的空间称为ER腔，依靠核糖体连接蛋白与核糖体的大亚基相连。RER的功能蛋白合成蛋白折叠与装配糖基化胞内蛋白转运SER呈分支管状或小泡状，无核糖体附着。SER有多种不同功能脂质合成、转运--大量合成膜脂，以小泡形式转运或形成脂蛋白形式扩散转运