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The Theory of Production Chapter 13 一、基本概念: 供给定律The Law of Supply: 当某一物品的价格更高时,企业愿意生产和销售更多的该种物品。 Firms are willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of a good when the price of the good is high. 其结果就是供给曲线向上倾斜。 This results in a supply curve that slopes upward. 考察企业行为有助于更好地理解市场供给曲线背后的决策。 企业的目标The Firm’s Objective 企业的经济目标是追求利润最大。 The economic goal of the firm is to maximize profits. 企业的总收益与总成本A Firm’s Total Revenue and Total Cost 总收益Total Revenue 企业出售其产出而得到的金额。 The amount that the firm receives for the sale of its output. 总成本Total Cost 企业购买其投入所支付的金额。 The amount that the firm pays to buy inputs. 企业的利润A Firm’s Profit 利润就是企业的总收益减去它的总成本。 Profit is the firm’s total revenue minus its total cost. 利润=总收益-总成本 Profit = Total revenue - Total cost 作为机会成本的成本Costs as Opportunity Costs 一个企业的生产成本包括